İnformation on Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

The international community has made significant strides towards lifting people out of poverty. The most vulnerable nations – the least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and the small island developing states – continue to make inroads into poverty reduction. However, inequality still persists and large disparities remain in access to health and education services and other assets.

Additionally, while income inequality between countries may have been reduced, inequality within countries has risen. There is growing consensus that economic growth is not sufﬁcient to reduce poverty if it is not inclusive and if it does not involve the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental.

To reduce inequality, policies should be universal in principle paying attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized populations.

Source: United Nations, www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/inequality/

WHY IT MATTERS: REDUCED INEQUALITIES

Useful links
Targets
Indicators

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

UNDP

UNICEF

United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UNOHRLLS)

10.1. By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.
10.2. By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.
10.3. Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.
10.4. Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality.
10.5. Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations.
10.6. Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.
10.7. Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.
10.a. Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements.
10.b. Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes.
10.c. By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent.

10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
10.4.1 Labour share of GDP
10.4.2 Redistributive impact of fiscal policy on the Gini index
10.5.1 Financial soundness indicators
10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination
10.7.2 Number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people
10.7.3 Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination
10.7.4 Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin
10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
10.b.1 Total resource flows for development (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted