(a) Index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density

Number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas

Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations

Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas

Degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing

Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries

Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology

Degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small‐scale fisheries

Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources